Association between vitamin D level and blood eosinophil count in healthy population and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with blood eosinophil count in healthy population and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).@*METHODS@#We analyzed the data of a total 6163 healthy individuals undergoing routine physical examination in our hospital between October, 2017 and December, 2021, who were divided according to their serum 25(OH)D level into severe vitamin D deficiency group (< 10 ng/mL), deficiency group (< 20 ng/mL), insufficient group (< 30 ng/mL) and normal group (≥30 ng/mL). We also retrospectively collected the data of 67 COPD patients admitted in our department from April and June, 2021, with 67 healthy individuals undergoing physical examination in the same period as the control group. Routine blood test results, body mass index (BMI) and other parameters were obtained from all the subjects, and logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between 25(OH)D levels and eosinophil count.@*RESULTS@#The overall abnormal rate of 25(OH)D level (< 30 ng/mL) in the healthy individuals was 85.31%, and the rate was significantly higher in women (89.29%) than in men. Serum 25(OH)D levels in June, July, and August were significantly higher than those in December, January, and February. In the healthy individuals, blood eosinophil counts were the lowest in severe 25(OH)D deficiency group, followed by the deficiency group and insufficient group, and were the highest in the normal group (P < 0.05). Multivariable regression analysis showed that an older age, a higher BMI, and elevated vitamin D levels were all risk factors for elevated blood eosinophils in the healthy individuals. The patients with COPD had lower serum 25(OH)D levels than the healthy individuals (19.66±7.87 vs 26.39±9.28 ng/mL) and a significantly higher abnormal rate of serum 25(OH)D (91% vs 71%; P < 0.05). A reduced serum 25(OH)D level was a risk factor for COPD. Blood eosinophils, sex and BMI were not significantly correlated with serum 25(OH)D level in patients with COPD.@*CONCLUSION@#Vitamin D deficiency is common in both healthy individuals and COPD patients, and the correlations of vitamin D level with sex, BMI and blood eosinophils differ obviously between healthy individuals and COPD patients.

Níveis de eosinófilos circulantes e declínio da função pulmonar em doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica estável: um estudo longitudinal retrospectivo / Circulating eosinophil levels and lung function decline in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective longitudinal study

RESUMO Objetivo Discute-se se eosinófilos no sangue (EOS) na doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) são associados à evolução da doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a contagem diferencial de células brancas do sangue (CBS), os sintomas e o tratamento podem prever o declínio da função pulmonar e as exacerbações em pacientes com DPOC. Métodos Foram retrospectivamente examinados pacientes com DPOC estável submetidos a um monitoramento mínimo de três anos em nossas clínicas ambulatoriais. Coletaram-se informações sobre volumes pulmonares (VEF1 e CVF), contagens total e diferencial de CBS, exacerbações agudas de DPOC (número nos 12 meses anteriores ao início do estudo = EA-DPOC-B; e durante o monitoramento = EA-DPOC-F), status tabagístico e tratamento. Os declínios de VEF1 e EA-DPOC-F foram descritos empregando modelo linear generalizado e regressão binomial negativa com interceptação aleatória de nível 2, respectivamente. Os modelos incluíram contagens de eosinófilo e neutrófilo como potenciais preditores e foram ajustados de acordo com sexo, idade, status tabagístico, EA-DPOC-B, tratamento com broncodilatadores e corticosteroides inalados (CSI). Resultados 68 pacientes foram considerados, dos quais 36 para EOS- (< 170 células/μL, valor da mediana) e 32 para EOS+ (≥ 170 células/μL). ∆VEF1 foi maior em EOS+ do que em EOS- (34,86 mL/ano vs 4,49 mL/ano, p = 0,029). Após o ajuste em relação aos potenciais confundidores, as contagens de eosinófilos (β = 19,4; CI 95% 2,8,36,1; p = 0,022) e CSI (β = -57,7; CI 95% -91,5,-23,9; p = 0,001) foram positivamente e negativamente associadas ao declínio da função pulmonar, respectivamente. Os EOS não foram associados ao número de EA-DPOC-F. Conclusão Em pacientes com DPOC estável, o maior nível de EOS (embora em um intervalo regular) prevê um maior declínio de VEF1, enquanto os CSIs são associados a uma evolução mais lenta da obstrução do fluxo aéreo.

ABSTRACT Objective Whether blood eosinophils (bEOS) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with disease progression is a topic of debate. We aimed to evaluate whether the differential white blood cell (WBC) count, symptoms and treatment may predict lung function decline and exacerbations in COPD patients. Methods We retrospectively examined stable COPD patients with a minimum follow-up of 3 years at our outpatients' clinic. We collected information about lung volumes (FEV1, FVC), the total and differential WBC count, acute exacerbations of COPD (number in the 12 months before the beginning of the study=AE-COPD-B, and during the follow-up=AE-COPD-F), smoking status and treatment. FEV1 decline and AE-COPD-F were described by using a generalized linear model and a 2-level random intercept negative binomial regression, respectively. The models included eosinophil and neutrophil counts as potential predictors and were adjusted by sex, age, smoking status, AE-COPD-B, treatment with bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Results Sixty-eight patients were considered, 36 bEOS- (<170 cells/μL, the median value) and 32 bEOS+ (≥170 cells/μL). ∆FEV1 was higher in bEOS+ than bEOS- (34.86 mL/yr vs 4.49 mL/yr, p=0.029). After adjusting for potential confounders, the eosinophil count was positively (β=19.4; CI 95% 2.8, 36.1; p=0.022) and ICS negatively (β=-57.7; CI 95% -91.5,-23.9; p=0.001) associated with lung function decline. bEOS were not found to be associated with the number of AE-COPD-F. Conclusion In stable COPD patients, a higher level of blood eosinophils (albeit in the normal range) predicts a greater FEV1 decline, while ICS are associated with a slower progression of airflow obstruction.

Uso de corticoide inalado e sua implicação no nível de eosinófilos periféricos / Inhaled corticosteroid use and its implications for peripheral blood eosinophil levels

Introdução: Um dos efeitos do corticoide sistêmico é a redução do número e da ação dos eosinófilos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ação do corticoide inalatório (CI) sobre os eosinófilos periféricos (EoP). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo de prontuários eletrônicos de pacientes adultos com asma grave, steps 4 e 5 da GINA 2019, acompanhados em um centro terciário de referência. Os pacientes em uso recente ou atual de corticoide oral foram excluídos. Foram avaliados dados demográficos, dose de budesonida inalada, sensibilização a aeroalérgenos, IgE total, cortisol sérico e EoP, no período de 2010 a 2019. Resultados: Foram avaliados 58 pacientes, sendo 81,0% do sexo feminino, com médias de idade de 61,0 anos, de início da asma aos 17,4 anos e de tempo de doença de 43,6 anos. A média de CI foi de 1682,8 µg/dia, e a média de IgE sérica total do grupo foi de 398,9 UI/mL. A IgE específica para aeroalérgenos estava positiva em 40 pacientes (69%), sendo 85% destes pacientes sensibilizados para ácaros. A média do cortisol sérico foi de 5,6 µg/dL, e dos EoP de 252,1 cel/mm3. Neste estudo não foi observada correlação entre a dose de CI e o cortisol sérico. Entretanto, 41,4% dos pacientes apresentaram EoP < 150 cel/mm3, e houve uma correlação inversa significante entre as doses de CI e os níveis de EoP, (p = 0,011 r2 = 0,11), ou seja, quanto maior a dose de CI, menor o nível de EoP. Conclusões: A GINA 2019 recomenda o uso de anticorpos monoclonais (mAbs), no step 5, direcionados pelo fenótipo de asma. Alguns destes mAbs incluem como critério de tratamento os EoP acima de 150 ou 300 cel/mm³. Neste estudo, o CI em doses elevadas estava relacionado a níveis mais baixos de EoP, portanto, alguns pacientes em uso de doses elevadas de CI poderiam apresentar EoP reduzida pelo uso de CI, interferindo na recomendação de alguns mAbs.

Introduction: One of the effects of systemic corticosteroids is to reduce the number and action of eosinophils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on peripheral blood eosinophils (PBE). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of adult patients with severe asthma, steps 4-5 (GINA 2019), treated at a tertiary referral center. Patients on current or recent oral corticosteroid therapy were excluded. Data on demographics, ICS dose, sensitization to aeroallergens, total serum IgE, serum cortisol, and PBE counts were evaluated for the period from 2010 to 2019. Results: Fifty-eight patients were evaluated, 81% were women. Mean age was 61 years, with the onset of asthma at 17.4 years of age and disease duration of 43.6 years. The mean ICS dose was 1682.8 µg/day, and the mean total serum IgE was 398.9 IU/mL. Specific IgE for aeroallergens was positive in 40 patients (69%); of these, 85% were sensitized to mites. The mean serum cortisol level was 5.6 µg/dL, and the mean PBE count was 252.1 cells/mm3. There was no correlation between ICS dose and serum cortisol, but 41.4% of patients had PBE counts <150 cells/mm3. There was a significant inverse correlation between ICS doses and PBE counts (p=0.011, r2=0.11), i.e., the higher the ICS dose, the lower the PBE count. Conclusions: GINA 2019 recommends the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in asthma step 5, directed by phenotype. Some of these mAbs have as a treatment criterion PBE count above 150 or above 300 cells/mm3. In this study, high-dose ICS was correlated with lower PBE levels. Therefore, patients using high-dose ICSs could have their PBE levels reduced by ICS use, interfering with the recommendation of some mAbs.

Clinical effect of rock salt aerosol therapy in treatment of occupational allergic contact dermatitis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the clinical effect and safety of rock salt aerosol therapy in the treatment of occupational allergic contact dermatitis.@*Methods@#A total of 65 patients with acute exacerbation of occupational allergic contact dermatitis who were treated in the Outpatient Service and Inpatient Department of our hospital from March 2013 to December 2015 were enrolled and randomly divided into observation group and control group using a random number table. Both groups were givensymptomatic treatment including desensitization, and the patients in the observation group were given rock salt aerosol therapy for 2 courses in addition to the symptomatic treatment. The changes in symptoms, signs, blood eosinophil count, and IgE were observed.@*Results@#There were significant changes in symptom score at the first and second courses of the treatment (P<0.05) , and there was an interaction between time of therapy and grouping (P<0.05) . There was no significant difference in symptom score before treatment between the two groups (P>0.05) , while there were differences at the first and second courses of the treatment (P<0.05) . After the second course of treatment, the observation group had a significantly higher overall response rate than the control group (P<0.05) ; both groups had significant reductions in blood eosinophil count and the observation group had a significantly greater reduction than the control group (P<0.05) . After two courses of treatment, both groups had significant increases in the number of patients with normal IgE (both P<0.05) , and after the second course of treatment, the observation group had a significantly higher number than the control group (P<0.05) . Both groups had mild adverse events, which did not affect the treatment.@*Conclusion@#In the treatment of occupational allergic contact dermatitis, rock salt aerosol therapy has a certain effect on the recovery of symptoms, signs, blood eosinophil count, and IgE.

Research on the IgE, EOS, LTE-4 content and its clinical significance with the inacute phase of pediatric asthma / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To explore the clinical significance of total serum immunoglobulin ( IgE) , peripheral blood eosinophils ( EOS) and urinary leukotriene E4 ( LTE-4 ) detection on pediatric asthma clinical symptoms of the inacute phase .Methods 90 cases with pediatric asthma clinical symptoms of the inacute phase from March 2014 to March 2015 were selected as experimental group, and divided into the general asthma group(n=32), the moderate asthma group(n=31), the sereval asthma group(n=27) and another 30 health children as control group.Give each patients children doses of β2 agonists (LABA) as monotherapy, and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) used as combination therapy.The use of LABA is 3-4 times/d.After three months' treatment, clinical efficacy were evaluated, and IgE, EOS, LTE-4 content were detected.Results After 3 months' treatment, IgE, EOS, LTE-4 contents in three experiment groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05), improved to the basic condition compared to control groups.The clinical efficacy among three groups had no significant differences.Conclusion IgE, EOS, LTE-4 levels detection of patients with pediatric asthma clinical symptoms of the inacute phase had evaluation significance, can be a good indicator of pediatric asthma health recovery in patients of the inacute phase.

Relationships between Fraction of Nitric Oxide, Airway Hyperresponsiveness, Blood Eoshinophil Counts and Serum Eosinophil Cationic Protein in Asthmatic Children / 소아알레르기및호흡기학회지

PURPOSE: The measurement of fraction of nitric oxide (FeNO) is a noticeable tool that reflects airway inflammation in asthmatic patients. We wanted to find out the relationship between pulmonary function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (AHR), blood eosinophilic inflammatory markers and FeNO level before and after methacholine bronchoprovocation test in asthmatic patients. METHODS: Fifty-five children, who visited the Allergy Clinic of Korea University Anam Hospital from March 2011 to February 2012, due to asthmatic symptoms, such as history of episodic wheezing or dyspnea during the previous year and resolved after using bronchodilators, were enrolled. We performed the baseline pulmonary function and methacholine bronchoprovocation test in the enrolled patients. Blood eosinophil counts and blood eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were measured. FeNO levels were measured before and after the methacholine bronchoprovocation test. RESULTS: The mean FeNO levels (36.3 ppb) fell after methacholine bronchoprovocation test (25.7 ppb). Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) %pred inversely correlated both with FeNO level before (R2=0.07, P=0.029) and after (R2=0.059, P=0.01) methacholine bronchoprovocation test. The provocative concentration, causing a 20% decrease in FEV1 to methacholine (methacholine PC20) inversely correlated both with FeNO levels before (R2=0.086, P=0.001) and after (R2=0.141, P=0.001) the challenge. FeNO level measured at bronchoconstriction state significantly correlated with blood eosinophil counts (R2=0.112, P=0.028). Serum ECP levels correlated FeNO level, neither before nor after bronchoprovocation. CONCLUSION: The baseline FeNO levels were higher in asthmatic children. However, FeNO levels rather decreased after methacholine induced bronchoconstriction. Repeated spirometry maneuver was considered to have an effect on reducing FeNO levels. FeNO correlated with pulmonary function, airway AHR and blood eosinophil counts.